What is Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting?
Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) reporting is a federal requirement by the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA). BOI reports include information about all the company’s beneficial owners.
Who is considered a Beneficial Owner?
A beneficial owner is any individual who, directly or indirectly, exercises substantial control over a reporting company or owns or controls at least 25 percent of the company’s ownership interests.
What is the Corporate Transparency Act?
The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is a United States federal law that aims to increase transparency in corporate ownership. The law requires that individuals considered beneficial company owners in the U.S. provide the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) with specific information.
For individuals, that includes:
- their full name
- date of birth
- current residential address
- a federally issued identification number from a driver’s license or passport
For companies, that includes:
- legal entity name or DBA name
- business address
- state jurisdiction of formation of registration
- IRS TIN
Any changes to the above reporting information must be updated with the FinCEN within 30 days of the change.
What is considered a Reporting Company?
Companies required to report a BOI are referred to as reporting companies. There are two types of reporting companies: domestic and foreign. They are defined as follows:
- Domestic reporting companies are corporations, limited liability companies (LLC), and other entities created by filing a document with a secretary of state or similar office in the U.S.
- Foreign reporting companies are entities (including corporations and LLCs) formed under a foreign country’s law and registered to do business in the U.S. by filing a document with a secretary of state or similar office.
There are 23 types of entities that are exempt from the reporting requirements. Those entities can be found on the FinCEN website.
What is the Reporting Process?
The reporting process takes place via an online portal on the FinCEN’s website. Filing begins January 1, 2024, with an initial filing window of one year (i.e., initial BOI reporting can be done from January 1, 2024, through January 1, 2025). The FinCEN will not accept BOI reporting before January 1, 2024. There is no fee for submitting this information.
New entities established after December 31, 2023, must report within 90 days of establishment.
Hefty civil ($500/day) and criminal penalties (up to $10,000) can be imposed on companies that fail to file a complete report.
To be sure that you and your firm comply with BOI reporting requirements, check with your trusted tax accountant or CPA.